Article

Inscription on the Monument in honor of Möngke qaghan 1257 in Mongolia: Interpretation and analysis of the Chinese text

русская версия

DOI https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-3-4-568-584
Authors
Affiliation: Российский университет дружбы народов; Институт востоковедения РАН
researcher
Affiliation: Сообщество переводчиков MandarinPro
Magazine
Sections HISTORY OF THE EAST. Historiography, source critical studies, historical research methods
Pages 568 - 584
Annotation

In 2022, the Chinggis Khan Museum in Ulaanbaatar installed a new exhibit — The Stela “释迦院碑” (Monument from the Shakya Pavilion), which dates back to 1257. It was transported from the National History Museum, where it came after careful study back in 1956. Now, more than 65 years later, Mongolian scientists have resumed the study of inscriptions on this Stela. The text includes 3 lines of Old Mongolian and 12 lines of Chinese (wenyan), the 10th line is mostly damaged. So far, 263 characters have been recognized. The content of the text is attractive from a cultural and historical point of view, and has a clear Buddhist orientation with references to Confucian and Taoist ideas. In addition, this monument contains important information on the history and religion of the Oirats in the middle of the 13th century. It is interesting that the inscription has not attracted the attention of Russian researchers and was practically not mentioned in related works. This article presents a translation-interpretation of the Chinese text into Russian with comments.

Keywords:
Download PDF Download JATS
Bibliography:
  1. Bai Cuiqin. Minzu shi tanwei ji: yici zhuiyi congshi minzu yanjiu wushi chunqiu (Collection of studies on the history of nationalities: fifty-year period of ethnological research). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2015 (in Chinese).
  2. Guoji Yuan Shangdu yizhi lishi yanjiu qude xin chengguo (New findings during the international study of the ruins of the Yuan Shangdu). Nei Menggu xinwenwang. 2011-04-27 (in Chinese). — Электронный ресурс: URL: https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cul/2011/04-27/3002779.shtml (accessed 15.08.2023).
  3. Damudingsulong Ce. Menggu wenxueshi, shisan zhi shiqi shiji (History of Mongolian Literature, 13–17th centuries). Shenyang: Liaoning minzu chubanshe, 1957 (in Chinese).
  4. Kitinov B. U. Buddhism and religious leaders of Tibet in the history of the Four Oirats. Мoscow: Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, 2023 (in Russian).
  5. Namunandaoerji Ao. Guanyu Mengge han shibei he gongdian de faxian (The discovery of the Monke khan Stele and Palace). Xibei minzu xueyuan xuebao. 1983. No. 3, pp. 23–36 (in Chinese).
  6. Perelomov L. S. Confucius “Lun Yu”. Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 2001 (in Russian).
  7. Song Lian. Yuanshi. Xianzong Benji. Hancheng guoxue (In Chinese)]. — Электронный ресурс: URL: https://guoxue.httpcn.com/html/book/TBXVPWKO/CQPWAZXVKO.shtml (accessed 20.09.2023).
  8. Hu Sizhen, Bai Cuiqin. Study of the Shakja Pavilion Stele of the 1257 year. Mongolian Historical Studies. 1985, pp. 252–265 (in Chinese).
  9. Quan Rong. Meng Yuan shiqi mengguwen beike wenxian shulue (Epigraphic monuments in the Mongolian language of the Yuan period). Shuofang luncong. Menggu daxue chubanshe, 2013 (in Chinese). — Электронный ресурс: URL: http://www.mgl9.com/post/2901.html (accessed 23.07.2023).
  10. Zhuang-zi. Lie-zi. Transl. by V. V. Malyavin (Philosophical heritage. Vol. 123). Moscow: Mysl, 1995 (in Russian).
  11. Shijing: Classic of Poetry. Transl. and comment. by A. A. Shtukin. Moscow: Hudozhestvennaya literatura, 1987 (in Russian).
  12. Эх хэл минь: Мөнх тэнгэрийн зарлиг бичээс [Mother Tongue: the Eternal Decree Inscription. Videoproject about the stone monuments of the Great Khans of Mongolia. Mongolian national Broadcaster. 14.06.2022 (in Mongolian)]. — Электронный ресурс: URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4VFPaItPnc (accessed 20.09.2023)
  13. Chang K., Hűrvitz L. Notes on the monument in honor of Monke Khan (The Chinese inscription). Central Asiatic Journal. 1961, No. 6(1), pp. 18–23.
  14. Jagchid S. The Mongolian Khans and Chinese Buddhism and Taoism. The Journal of International Association of Buddhist Studies. Ed. A. K. Narain. 1979. No. 2(2), pp. 7–28.
  15. Poppe N. Notes on the monument in honor of Monke Khan (The Mongolian inscription). Central Asiatic Journal. 1961. No. 6(1), pp. 14–18.
  16. Rincen Y. L’inscription sinomongole de la stele en l’honneur de Monke Qayan. Central Asiatic Journal. 1959. No. 4(2), pp. 130–142 (in French).
For citations: Люлина А.Г., Батыгин, К.В. Надпись на Стеле Мункэ-хана 1257 г. в Монголии: интерпретация и анализ китайского текста. Ориенталистика. 2023; т. 6, 3-4: 568-584